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The Ladder (magazine)
''The Ladder'' was the first nationally distributed lesbian publication in the United States. It was published monthly from 1956 to 1970, and once every other month in 1971 and 1972. It was the primary publication and method of communication for the Daughters of Bilitis, the first lesbian organization in the US. It was supported by ONE, Inc. and the Mattachine Society, with whom the DOB retained friendly relations. The name of the magazine was derived from the artwork on its first cover, simple line drawings showing figures moving towards a ladder that disappeared into the clouds.
== History ==
The first lesbian publication in the United States was a newsletter called ''Vice Versa'', subtitled "America's Gayest Magazine". It was created and edited by a secretary named Edith Eyde (using the pseudonym Lisa Ben, an anagram of "lesbian") in Los Angeles, and distributed privately in that area from 1947 to 1948.
The first edition of ''The Ladder'' appeared in October 1956, edited by Phyllis Lyon, who co-founded the Daughters of Bilitis in 1955 with Del Martin, both of whom had journalism experience. Many of its contributors used pseudonyms or initials. Lyon edited ''The Ladder'' as "Ann Ferguson" for the first few months, but dropped the name as a way of encouraging their readers not to hide.〔"Ann Ferguson is Dead!" ''The Ladder'', January 1957, Vol. 1 Issue 4, p 7.〕 It was a newsletter of a dozen or so pages, produced on a typewriter, copied by a mimeograph, and hand stapled. It included book reviews, news, poetry, short stories, letters from readers, and updates from DOB meetings. In 1959 it took a rare political stance against San Francisco mayoral candidate Russel Wolden who criticized incumbent mayor George Christopher's making the city a haven for "sex deviants."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title="Back in the day" at afterellen.com )〕〔Lyon, Phyllis. "S.F. Election Aftermath" ''The Ladder''; 1959 vol. 4 issue 3: p.23〕 ''The Ladder'' was issued in a brown paper covering for the duration of its existence. There were 175 copies of the first issue, and members of the DOB mailed them to every woman they knew who might be interested, including woman professionals in the San Francisco telephone book, and others throughout the United States.〔Tobin, Kay, Wicker, R. ''The Gay Crusaders''. Arno Press; 1975.〕 It soon became available in newsstands in major cities and by subscription, obtained by word of mouth.〔Unknown author. "Where Did We Get Your Name?" ''The Ladder''. vol 1 Issue 5: p 12〕
By October 1957, there were 400 subscribers on the mailing list.〔Martin, Del. "Growing Pains Don't Hurt" ''The Ladder'' 1957 vol.2 issue 1: pp. 5-6,27.〕 An early respondent to the magazine was playwright Lorraine Hansberry, writing a letter of thanks in May 1957 signed "L.H.N", offering $2.00 US for any back issues, and stating she was, "glad as heck that you exist."〔Gallo, Marcia. ''Different Daughters: A history of the Daughters of Bilitis and the Birth of the Lesbian Rights Movement'', Carroll & Graf, 2006.〕 Lyon published her entire letter, taking up four of the 20 pages of that issue. Historian Marcia Gallo wrote of ''The Ladder'', "For women who came across a copy in the early days, ''The Ladder'' was a lifeline. It was a means of expressing and sharing otherwise private thoughts and feelings, of connecting across miles and disparate daily lives, of breaking through isolation and fear."〔Gallo, Marcia. "Celebrating the Years of ''The Ladder''." ''Off Our Backs''. Washington: May/Jun 2005. Vol. 35, Iss. 5/6; p. 34〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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